Classification of rocks

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Classification of rocks
Praise be to God, prayer and peace upon the Prophet of senders and master the first two and the others upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon his family and companions … And after:
We are aware of the importance of rocks in the lives of researchers …
Especially the goals generally under rocks, and must have a Hunter and a researcher familiar with the dismantling of these rocks and subdivided, and this depends on its understanding of the components of the rocks, the rocks vary according to the basic constituent materials …
And now we start by scientific classification of rocks.
There are three types of rocks:
Igneous (basalt).
Sedimentary rocks.
Metamorphic rocks. 
underground secrets
Igneous rocks consists of two types:
1. granite.
2. basalt.
Origin: formed from the frozen almagma
One of the worst kinds of rocks for hunters are powerful devices depth hamper by 35%, and for poor devices 100%.
Transformation of igneous rocks and metamorphic sedimentary to:
· Igneous rocks began (the first rocks formed on Earth after cooler cover with) in turn effect of external factors (weathering)
· Metamorphic rocks occur also weathering processes and sedimentary rocks may be becoming.
· Crumbs is transferred by transfer agents (rivers – sailor …)
· Less speed transport agent running on the capacitor in horizontal layers deposition and sediments
· To increase pressure on crumbs and granulated has contiguous by some Lati alahamh materials (cement) to be sedimentary rocks.
Alskhoralrsobet and turning to mutant:
· Sedimentary rock landing to great depths where exposed to high temperatures and extreme pressure into metamorphic rocks.
· Kmalk may turn into mutant rocks igneous rocks because of the intense pressure and heat.
· The change in the rock is in the type of metal or rock texture.
Conversion of sedimentary rocks and metamorphic to wounds:
When sedimentary rocks and metamorphic to extreme heat in the depths of it tenshro turn into this frozen at sher cover with composing igneous rock types are classified according to the nature of composition
A) underground igneous (granite rocks in the ground)
B) surface volcanic igneous (basalt rock above ground)
Surface processes responsible for changing parameters of Earth
First: weathering II: Transport III: sedimentation
First: weathering:
They are two types (mechanical-chemical), leading to:
· Break rocks into pieces with the same components of rocks or disintegration of rocks to a constituent metals (mechanical weathering)
· Or degradation of metals and configure new minerals (chemical weathering)
1) mechanical weathering
Is fragmentation of rocks into small pieces such as:
Granite: consists of feldspar minerals-MICA-quartz which crumbles into pieces the size of pebbles, each piece of granite are feldspar, MICA-quartz
And he crumbles to sand size asagharvi
Mechanical weathering:
1. freeze water in cracks and breaks:
As the volume of water in the cracks of rocks increases the size of about 10 when freezing, and repeat the process of freezing water and melting-cracks and joints, leading to fragmentation of original rock down mountains with a slope-mud construction.
2. thermal rebellion:
Where the change in daily temperatures especially desert to stretch and contraction metal rock over time disassembly of rocks and crushed.
3. reducing pregnancy:
Because of the weathering that remove adult fish from rocks or because of the emergence of igneous aquifer underground. Where in that stretch rock up without resistance, forming spherical cobalt (e.g. granite).
4. biological factors:
The plant runs on rock fragmentation as a result of the growth of gzorh we the animals that burrow underground erosion of rocks.
2) chemical weathering:
The disintegration of rocks by a change in metal components through interaction?.
A) hydrolysis:-water where Co2 turns into carbonic acid and is a powerful HDMI
The greater the difference between the circumstances of the composition of the rock and the circumstances of the surface albaeh the probability of changing chemical baltgoet more baltgoet chemical decomposition
Decomposition of granite: granite consists of feldspar minerals-MICA-quartz where these minerals vary in their chemical baltgoet. .
Feldspar:-a metal very weak under the influence of carbonic acid and turns into metal alkaolinait and tenderly turns to dirt metal.
· Mica:-decompose into black MICA clay minerals such as.
· Quartz: is another metal granite galvanize webzalk is crystallized at low temperature is constant is not affected by chemical baltgoet
Webzalk the Quartz is metal remainders of the decomposition of granite rock (ills)
B): hydrolysis and by adding water to the metal mounting like turning metal alanhidrit (calcium sulfate alamaeh) to mineral gypsum (calcium sulfate).
V) carbonation:-such as the melting of limestone rocks Co2 in water.
W) oxidation: — are particularly in minerals that enters the synthesize iron and magnesium.
II: transport:
After weathering occurs you must transfer crumbs rock weathering processes to have new
Transport agents
Wind River # # # # marine waves refrigerators
A) wind:
Lightweight soil particles carried by air to surge while the larger and heavier sand granules carry near the Earth’s surface it scraped telephone poles and scratched car paint and glass on the highways during storms.

B) rivers:-
The ability of the River to carry the crumbs:
A severely steep river) controls the speed run-off
B) amount of water absorbed by the River
· Small granules suspended load (clay) as hanging in the water
· Medium-grained (sand) attached in the water near the bottom.
· Download bottom large granules (gravel) rolling on the bottom with water flow).
· Dissolved load is the amount of dissolved salts in water river (varies from river to another).
C) refrigerators:
There are refrigerators in cold areas or on mountain tops, and when increased air temperature ice begins to melt and precipitation the crumbs when (foot) mountain base component
D) marine waves
And are attacking the beaches and lead to erosion and transported the crumbs of inside albahru settle him in other regions with the largest gbibath of yertib (near the beach) to smallest (inside)
III: sedimentation:
When velocity weaken the capacity of the transport agent and becomes unable to carry solids they are deposited, and the capacity of transportation factor on pregnancy changed several times during the journey crumbs
Sediment is divided by place of their formation to:
1) continental 2 deposits) deposits of freedom 3) deposits of deltaoih
Continental deposits in Egypt:
Easy deposits spate classification according to the nature of the composition of rocks on either side of the River Nile and is formed by dams on the Nile, where the amount of water a substantial increase in flood seasons (and thereby increase the tonnage of river), leading to higher water levels, flooding on both sides of the river where deposited his load, and the Nile River had deposited 1 mm of silt annually.
Aldltaoih deposits:
The deposition begins at the confluence of the River to the sea where the River lasadamh speed in sea water.
Wettdrig these sediments with increasing depth as follows.
A) sand near beach b) salt c) clay in depth
· The gravel deposits near Suez formed as deltaoih deposits of ancient Nile tributary where there are deposits of grit and zalat on both sides of the Delta and near the Cairo-Suez Road, where it is believed that these quotes and material deposited by ancient rivers.
Rock types
First: sedimentary rocks:
It covers approximately 75% of the Earth’s surface in the form of relatively thin layer tkonvkat 5% of the Earth’s rocks.
Mud and rocks and sand and limestone 90% of sedimentary rocks.
A flysch) b) c) chemical wekimiahiatih life
A) sedimentary rocks alftatet:
Are divided by size of the granules.
1. gravel deposits (greater than 2 mm) is composed of weglamid and grit when his fanaticism called alkonglomirat.
2. sand deposits (from 2 mm-62 microns) is granulated sand (quartz) and when its intolerance called sandstone.
3. ooze and fatatvi size of the take (62 microns-4 microns) and clay (less than 2.5 microns) and when cohesion appear bhakhaset tawarruq, called child or laminar clay t.) sedimentary rocks chemical origin
And are caused by precipitation of salts dissolved in water as a result of volatilization of water.
The most famous of these deposits are
* Gypsum * salt deposits
* Deposits of Hematite (red iron ore albetrokhi – Aswan)
W) life walkimiahiatih sedimentary rocks:
A parts alsalbhmn marine structures which died.
* Limestone rocks rich in fossils * residues of marine life
* Rock phosphates with excavations * deposits membership such as coal
* Sedimentary rocks by oil and gas] be oil and gas from the decomposition of remains of organisms deposited with mud and rocks after maturity and transformation of oil and gas under daghz heat porous reservoir rocks are migrating to a sandstone augiri
* Clay oil: a mud rock rich in hydrocarbons in the solid state are called alkirogin and are transformed into oil when heated rock material in practice of 480 m – and a ton of rock gives about 40 litres of oil and materials are used after oil reserves.
II: igneous rocks:
The resulting frozen cover with which consists of eight elements in silicate minerals with some trapped gases such as water vapor.
· Items in cover with ions slow movement as a result of cooler cover with and gather together to form crystals of metal.
Igneous rocks are divided according to place of their formation to:
A) igneous rocks: groundwater
Where is cooling slowly accumulate a large amount of ions to be few but large crystals such as granite.
B) volcanic igneous rocks:
Are cooling quickly above ground so be colourless rock crystallization (glass) or many but its crystals are very small, such as basalt.
C) overlapping rocks:
A compromise between rocks and volcanic cover with interfering with the surrounding rock near the Earth’s surface so there are large crystals heart small crystals (Web broviri).
And igneous rocks are divided into 6 groups: Home
Alaolivin-albiroxin & nbssp; -Alamvibol-MICA-alvelsbarat (blagiokliz warthoklis)
Quartz (quartz)
And they are divided on the basis of:
* Rock * fabric type metal components (especially silica ratio)
Months igneous rocks are:
A granite rocks) b) c) basalt rocks rocks alandistet
Granite (goofy)
Basalt (volcanic surface)
* Consists in the ground as a result of slow cooling llsher
Crystallized minerals in the final stages of freeze in cover with a degree of 1100-850 m
Coarse fabric (large crystals)
The elements potassium and sodium
Minerals: feldspar, MICA-quartz
More than 70% silica
Color light because it contains quartz
The volcanic equivalent is alriolait walabsidian
Relatively light
An acid
Composed above ground as a result of fast cooling llsher
Crystallized minerals in the early stages of freeze in cover with more than 1100 m
Very fine fabric or glass
Elements of iron, magnesium and calcium
Minerals: olivine-pyroxene amphibole.
Silica less than 50%
Bold colour because it contains iron
The volcanic equivalent is gabbro
Heavy

Alandistet rocks:
Intermediate composition between basalt and granite – silica between 50%-70% and there are loads of sodium, iron and calcium equivalent underground is aldiorit.
Rock original rock-like equivalent metal mounting racial, but differs in the fabric
III metamorphic rocks:
Igneous rocks or sedimentary or metamorphic event have change and transformation as a result of strong pressure and temperature, and this leads to occur:
· Change in rock and minerals be new minerals.
· Change in surface texture where crystals grow in size and increasing rigidity.
· Order metal trends indicate the direction of pressure.
Shift happens:
1. during the Albanian movements of mountains where the generated pressure.
2. when touching the rocks for cover with a block of high temperature.
3. fault level walfwalk where moving turns the heat up
Examples of metamorphic rocks:
· Schist is shifting pressure and heat to schist almikaei:
Where property securitization (sheets) as a result of MICA crystals arranged in one direction perpendicular to the intense pressure.
· Marble rocks:
A mutant rock on limestone rocks where crystals of calcite ttlham which increases the marble hardness and transformation due to temperature and pressure
* Marble colors wetarik variable due to the presence of impurities.

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