Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

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Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

 

Introduction

The ancient Egyptians were very amateur to adorn themselves, both women as men, and from the most humble to the Pharaoh wore some kind of jewel. In spite of this, the number of pieces that have come down to us is really minimal, compared with which, surely, occurred, which presents some difficulty when it comes to study it.

Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

Normally the jewels are considered as a mere embellishment, but in ancient Egypt, as in most ancient civilizations had, in addition, a particular meaning: in most of the tombs, both characters related to the Court, and members of the Royal family, we find the walls adorned by paintings and reliefs with representations of everyday life religious or descriptions of the life of the deceased. While many are in very poor condition, others reflect us, with amplitude of details, lots of information about the jewelry used by different characters in different periods of history.

Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

Jewelry applications were:

As amulet and protection: the first pieces of jewelry are small stones used as pendants, hence derived the best-known amulets, to be used alone or forming complex jewelry.

 

To indicate range u trade: as in everywhere and times, the jewels were used to indicate status and wealth, as well as the power and prestige of the owner.
As a military or civilian award: one of the major occupations of the Jewelers was the awarded medals to officers. The “Golden order of the Collar” was perhaps the oldest of these honors. Necklace shebyu, formed by a solid gold discs enfilados very closely, emerges as part of an honorary award by the military value.

Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

 

To decorate temples and palaces: know that many architectural elements of the palaces and temples were embellished or coated with precious metals.
To deposit in the Tomb: the Egyptians in their funerary offerings deposited everything what they believed they would need in the life of the hereafter, therefore in the excavations of the tombs great quantity and variety of parts has been able to find.
For purely functional reasons: large cylindrical seals gold or hard stones, with the name of the King, were confident those officers who acted on behalf of the King at official acts during the old empires and a half.
For ritual reasons: necklaces menhat and balances which were used by the great ladies or priestesses as symbols of their devotion to the cult of the goddess Hathor or its incarnations.

Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

Materials

The Egyptian Jewelry used a variety of materials such as metals, stones, animal products, and others made by themselves. Some were obtained in the hills and deserts surrounding the country, others creatures who inhabited it. However, some of the most valuable had to be imported from more distant places. They were elected, in their majority, not because its colors to create a particular effect, but because they had a symbolism and a meaning amuletico. In the case of funerary jewelry, some were strictly prescribed by the magical properties of its color. The Egyptian soil was rich in deposits of different stones; the use of these, some ornamental and others was not, widespread in jewelry. Most were already used since the time of Badari, however there were periods in which some stone was fashionable, as in the Middle Kingdom amethyst and emerald in Roman times.
Copper. It was the first metal known to the Egyptians, already in the Badari was used to make beads.
Gold. Most of the gold used was in Egyptian territory. The main sites were situated in the mountainous deserts of South and South-East of Egypt, Nubia and Uadi Hammamat.

Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

Notes of the Pharaonic Egypt jewelry

Electro. It is gold with a 20-25% of silver. Evidence suggests that at the beginning did not know his relationship with gold and was considered a different metal, but we know that during the new Kingdom already is produced artificially by mixing both metals.
Silver. The silver was more rare in Egypt and probably for this reason gold was much more valuable to the Middle Kingdom, time in which begin to arrive the first imports from Asia. All found silver of the IMP. Old and IMP. The Middle has a high proportion of gold in its composition varying from a 3 a 8 to 9 percent.
Agate. It is found in Egypt, usually in the form of pebbles. These have been found in predynastic burials in copious amounts and are known as the agate beads, such as the Onyx from this period.
Amethyst. It is located in alluvial deposits and geodes form. We find works in Amethyst mines dating back to the old Kingdom, in the Western desert, about 40 miles to the North West of Abu Simbel, possibly also were used during the Middle Kingdom.
Chalcedony. He began to use already in the Predynastic.
Carnelian. It was the stone most widely used in the manufacture of accounts from the Predynastic, at first for beads and amulets, subsequently for inlays in jewelry.
Emerald. According to some authors from the 2000 b.c. are exploited mines situated on the slopes of Gebel Sikait and Gebel Zubara, in the North of Etlai although there are no data on which were used before Roman times.