Mineral exploration Prospecting is the process of searching for precious metal deposits. Excavators found quantities of coal, oil, and uranium, and also discovered deposits of copper, diamonds, gold, iron, and many important minerals.
Remote sensing techniques have been successfully used in geological studies. The main areas are:
structural analysis of the Earth’s surface ;
analysis of local and global anomalies ;
geological study of the area and preparation of geological maps ;
geo-ecological monitoring of exogenous geological processes :
forecasting minerals.
Using satellite images allows us to solve various geological problems :
identification of linear structures ( faults, contrasting geological boundaries , etc.)
delineate geological bodies onto the ground surface ;
tectonic zoning ;
Kinematic classification of faults and associated local structures ;
threat assessment and seismic tectonic nature based on accurate estimates of fault movements and their dynamics ( with high accuracy based on radar interferometry ) , have a significant impact on modern geotechnical processes ;
evaluation of horizontal and vertical displacement along faults ;
geological and geomorphological mapping .
Highlights direction on the use of remote sensing data for prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits. Application of the methods of remote sensing data can dramatically reduce the cost of exploration work by conducting a comprehensive study of the vast territories , often inaccessible for some reason or other traditional methods of exploration .
geology mineral exploration
Specificity for prospecting and exploration of minerals is low density outgoing deep geological and geophysical information , which leads to poor performance of exploration using only traditional methods. Typically , regions, promising to find minerals , especially oil and gas regions of Russia , referred to the territories covered by forest vegetation masking studied geological features . Geologically arsenal no means for obtaining an objective picture of the structure of the sedimentary cover on the basis of high-density information without significant time and cost . On this basis, to improve the efficiency of traditional geological studies on exploration , should be administered an additional method that has the facilities to produce the original landscape and geological information density significantly . These features are provided by remote sensing of the Earth. Spatial information obtained by means of remote sensing in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum characterizes the spectral image of objects (including and geological ) and physical processes arising on the surface and in the interior of the Earth , which in combination with traditional methods provides an integrated picture of describing their condition composition and the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors .
For example, we list some important problems solved by means of remote sensing in exploration in oil and gas sector :
choice of destinations and justification promising areas for exploration for oil and gas, including the deployment of a network of seismic profiles for specific projected trap assessment of hydrocarbon resources ;
forecasting and detection of oil and gas traps , including in remote and difficult areas , and their petroleum potential assessment ;
assessment of projected oil and gas prospects identified and prepared for deep drilling traps based on a comprehensive analysis of multispectral , thermal, radar imagery , geological and geophysical information and data ground investigations ;
definition of the earth’s surface subsidence values at existing oil and gas fields in order to prevent accidents and evaluation of modern movements of blocks on the level of productive horizons ;
Using satellite images in geological prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits on the search allows you to:
significantly reduce the time of work due to operational space research methods ;
reduce the costs of the works due to more efficient use of geophysical methods , taking into account the results of space research in the search stage by identifying a larger number of promising geological structures and thus improve predictive assessment of hydrocarbon resources within the license areas ;
increase the reliability of the results obtained by the complex processing of space and geological and geophysical data , which provides the discovery of oil and gas wells or fewer rejection of drilling local uplifts attributed to unpromising ;
in conjunction with the exploration work to evaluate the environmental activities in the oil and gas fields to conduct environmental monitoring.
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