Coral
Coral is one of the most popular gemstones, although it is not a mineral, but of animal materials (organic). The Greek word expressing the coral a hyphen (Maginto) and in the Latin language (Margarita), was the name of coral on the veins of the Red Sea.
And composed of coral calcium carbonate material. And Red coral is the steel structure of a coral colony, which gives us the familiar form.
Coral colours
The color coral home varies between white to pink and dark red, colors that are common to the color pink and deep red and black coral, which is a dark brown organic material present in the waters of the Pacific. The rarest types is the coral.
Coral fisheries
The most prevalent global fisheries from which some coral beaches of the Mediterranean, where the traditional supplier of coral, near the shores of this sea and its islands are coral colonies, she lives at depths vary, there are some shallow water depth does not exceed 50 feet while others at depths up to over 1000 feet.
Red coral fisheries are published on the shores of Tunisia and Algeria and Marrakech, and there are some of them on the southern coast of France, on the Mediterranean islands, such as the islands of Sardinia and Sicily wekorsika. While most Red coral in Asia on the Islands (Ryukuan) in southern Japan.
Coral is extracted in the area between (Miyako and Okimawa) in Japan from depths ranging from 1,000 to 1,300 feet. There is also abundant in America, where he discovered a species of coral in violet in Southern California. Either black coral that grows with great success on the (Malaysian Archipelago) and the beaches of the northern part of Australia and in the Red Sea. And extracted a few coral waters of the Atlantic Ocean near the Northwestern coast of Africa.
Diamond
Diamond is a crystalline structure of a cube-shaped often and sometimes in the form of eight dials up a large proportion of carbon or the famous coal under extreme heat and pressure, and despite the great similarity between the articles of graphite and diamond (carbon), the properties of each different largely because of atomic structure is different for each.
Renowned for its superior physical characteristics of diamond, especially high hardness degree unit obtained 10/10 in degrees of hardness of stones with a lesson that the difference in hardness between 9 degrees (exhaling and Sapphire) and 10 large and spread of light. For this reason, diamond material with significant value in the jewelry industry and other industrial uses, such as using the diamond on top of the oil drilling pipe, strength and is once more powerful than iron.
Diamond mines
Most of the diamonds extracted from the caldera where the lava had attended from the depths of Earth from distances of up to 150 KM where high heat and pressure to reach millions of years than favorable conditions for the formation of diamonds. Most diamond mining diamonds in Central and South Africa despite a significant discovery in both Canada and Russia, Brazil and Australia. And extracted the equivalent of 130 million carats, or 26,000 kg, of diamond annually, equivalent to us $ 9 billion.
Diamond quality
Diamond quality always appreciates the four important criteria: carat, clarity (purity), color, and trim. In contrast to natural diamond, the diamond is produced industrially in quantities almost four times the quantity extracted naturally. However, most of the diamond industry is small and contains obvious deformities making very low prices for diamonds, natural and be used solely for industrial purposes therefore always still find certification associated with natural diamonds, particularly rare and these certificates are issued by the Centre or companies possess laboratories and experts and has a long handle with diamonds and precious stones like GIA and HRD and IGI more precise details of the suspected terrorist, where little stone carat weight of the stone and the type of piece and the degree of clarity and color, as well as Dimensions (measurements) and give the certificate serial number and include a copy of the certificate in company records and are guaranteed the in doubt, cannot make designed more valuable.
Emerald
Emerald: is a form of the mineral Beryl salts, green color to the presence of trace amounts of chromium, iron, Emerald gems, in comparison with the higher value is the weight of precious stones, especially when peppered with sprigs of other metal salts and salts Beryl cruelty between 8 and 10 on MOH scale for severity.
In Pharaonic times, the Nubian desert is famous for its Emerald mines, which were issued to Emerald rulers of Persia, India, Byzantium, and discovered quantities of it in tombs and temples in Mexico, Peru and Colombia were looted by the Europeans, was a Roman Emperor Nero loves watching wrestling slaves through crystallization of Emerald.
Garnet
Garnet expression does not describe a specific metal but called on a group of different shapes from Slika, particularly Chalcedony. There are mainly as layers in sedimentary rock grooves. . Most types of dark Garnet color. Routes vary from white to gray to black. Red lines may be dimmed, or yellow, or blue in some cases.
And those colors of impurities such as iron oxide, manganese oxide. Garnet types differ in types lines; Onyx type of Garnet is characterized by parallel lines situated on a flat surface. Agate lines either kind, they form circles spread from the Center to the outside.
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