When choosing a first metal detector, beginners with little experience are often attracted to the word "deep" in its description. They assume that the deeper the detection, the more effective it is and the greater the amount of treasures discovered. However, experts know that these models are only suitable for detecting large objects, while smaller targets, whether deep or near the surface, will not be detected.
What are the uses of deep metal detectors?
If your goal is to search for large objects, a regular ground metal detector or even a multi-purpose detector will not be sufficient. In this case, you need to choose your equipment more carefully and purchase a deep metal detector. This device will be useful whether exploring flat lands or areas with complex surface terrain.
Professional deep-sea models are in high demand by archaeologists and individuals interested in searching for treasures and ancient meteorites. Deep-sea models are distinguished by their ability to detect large objects located at great depths, regardless of the material type. At the same time, these models almost completely ignore small debris that accumulates in large quantities in the upper soil layers.
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Deep metal detectors are particularly popular among hobbyists exploring war zones. The actual battlefields are still full of small fragments from hand grenades, aircraft, and artillery shells. Artifacts near the surface have already been excavated. Today, the most valuable war relics can only be found deep underground, in the bottoms of trenches, bunkers, rifle pits, and communication tunnels.
Operating Principle and Design Features
When creating deep metal detectors, engineers in manufacturing companies use two operating principles:
RF (Radio Frequency) and PI (Pulse Induction).
The radio frequency design consists of two coils: a transmitting coil parallel to the ground, and a receiving coil perpendicular to it. Thus, radio frequency metal detectors resemble a huge dumbbell that the detector holds from its middle. A fundamental drawback is their large size, which limits their detection depth. The deeper the detector can see, the heavier it becomes.
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PI metal detectors do not suffer from this drawback. They are equipped with a single coil (frame) that emits and receives the reflected signal simultaneously. Despite their enormous size (the length of its rectangular frame can reach up to two meters), a single person can use it, although a PI metal detector is often operated by two people, as safety regulations prohibit anyone else from being inside the frame.
Operating Frequency
Many people believe that detection depth is directly related to the frequency of a metal detector. This is not entirely true, as depth depends on soil mineralization and the size of the target. Low frequencies are finely tuned to the soil and accurately detect large targets, while they respond less to smaller objects. This is the main purpose of a deep metal detector. Metal detectors operating at a frequency of 6 kHz can detect depths of up to 4 meters.
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At the same time, the frequencies of deep metal detectors, designed using a PI circuit, range approximately between 100 and 500 Hz. To ensure stable operation near power lines, they must be able to reject electromagnetic interference caused by them. These issues do not pose a problem for radio frequency (RF) metal detectors.
Detection Depth
For deep metal detectors, this technical feature is the most important. A depth of between 4 and 5 meters is usually sufficient. However, some devices can detect objects located at a depth of 6 to 10 meters below the ground surface.
Deep Metal Detectors with Coil and Frame
Deep-sea detectors can be distinguished from traditional devices at first glance. They may feature a rod with two perpendicular coils at its ends. The rod also carries a handle, control tools, and an electronic unit.
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The second widely used type of depth detectors is equipped with a frame instead of a coil. For convenient searching, this device is handled by two users, one of whom carries the control unit. These models allow coverage of a large area in a single pass, ignore debris, and feature a high detection depth.
To scan hard-to-reach areas and clean tight and confined spaces, it is preferable to use metal detectors with weights or traditional coil devices. They are not only easy to carry but can also be operated by a single user, and they provide greater accuracy in locating the target.
The difference between a deep metal detector and other types of metal detectors
As repeatedly mentioned, deep metal detectors are characterized by many features and external characteristics that distinguish them from traditional ground metal detectors. Another feature that is usually missing in deep metal detectors, and which is not mentioned when examining deep soil layers, is the ability to discriminate. The type of metal from which the large target is made is of little importance.
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What to Look for When Choosing
The people most interested in choosing and buying a deep metal detector are those involved in military exploration operations. They are usually obsessed with their idea, in every sense of the word. When they embark on their next exploratory journey, they already know whether they will carry all the equipment, including the detector, by themselves or with people who have similar interests. Based on that, they choose the type of detector: RF or PI.
When reviewing the device specifications mentioned in the description, it is important to remember that the manufacturer tested it under ideal conditions, while you will be looking for targets that have been exposed to corrosion for many years. Above these targets, there is not only a layer of soil with varying levels of mineralization, but also small debris. Furthermore, electromagnetic interference and other factors may affect operation.
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When conducting deep metal detection, you need to be prepared for a significant amount of digging: digging holes and wide, deep trenches. This requires physical effort and a long time. Using a simple ground metal detector, which helps you locate the target more accurately, reduces this effort. Another important drawback for many users is the high cost of deep detection devices. It is important to understand that this is not a device for occasional use, but rather a professional and efficient device. By the way, some manufacturing companies develop special add-ons for ground metal detectors - depth boosters. You just need to attach this accessory to the rod, and you will have a real deep metal detector.
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